What does a criterion-referenced test assess?

A criterion-referenced test is designed to measure an individual's performance based on specific standards or criteria rather than comparing their performance to that of their peers. The main focus of such assessments is to determine whether a test-taker has mastered particular knowledge, skills, or competencies outlined in predetermined objectives.

In this context, the purpose is to evaluate how well a person meets these established benchmarks, making it an effective tool for defining learning outcomes and guiding educational decisions. It provides clear guidelines regarding what a student should know and be able to do, thus making performance assessment more transparent and objective.

For example, if a criterion-referenced test is aimed at measuring proficiency in reading comprehension, it would assess whether a student can perform specific tasks (like summarizing a text or identifying main ideas) according to the set criteria, and not solely how they rank against other students. This allows educators to identify areas where a student may need additional support or enrichment, focusing directly on skill mastery.