What are the five pillars of reading?

The five pillars of reading are essential components that contribute to effective reading instruction and literacy development. The choice identified as correct encompasses phonemic awareness, decoding, vocabulary, comprehension, and fluency, which are widely recognized as critical elements in reading.

Phonemic awareness involves the ability to recognize and manipulate the individual sounds in spoken words, serving as a foundational skill for learning to read. Decoding refers to the ability to apply knowledge of letter-sound relationships to read unfamiliar words, making it vital for reading fluency and comprehension. Vocabulary is crucial as it pertains to the understanding of words and their meanings, which is directly linked to comprehension. Comprehension itself is the ultimate goal of reading, as it reflects the reader's ability to understand and derive meaning from text. Lastly, fluency, which includes the ability to read quickly and accurately, allows readers to process text smoothly, enhancing overall comprehension.

Together, these pillars create a comprehensive framework for effective reading instruction, ensuring that learners develop the necessary skills to become proficient readers.