Fluency in reading is characterized by which of the following?

Fluency in reading is fundamentally characterized by the flow of sounds and natural speech. This aspect of fluency encompasses not only the ability to read quickly but also the ability to read with appropriate expression, intonation, and rhythm, mirroring how one would speak naturally. When readers are fluent, they can process text more effortlessly, which allows them to focus on comprehension rather than decoding individual words. Fluent readers often exhibit smooth, connected speech that makes the reading experience more engaging and enjoyable, resembling the natural way people communicate verbally.

While faster reading speeds can be associated with fluency, simply reading quickly without the smoothness or expression does not encompass the true essence of being fluent. Higher vocabulary usage and correct spelling certainly contribute to reading proficiency but are not defining characteristics of reading fluency itself. Fluency is more about how the text is delivered audibly rather than the underlying vocabulary or correct spelling.